CANONICAL AND CHURCH ADMINISTRATIVE ASPECTS OF THE DISPUTE ABOUT THE PREROGATIVES OF THE METROPOLITANS OF NICAEA AND NICOMEDIA AT THE COUNCIL OF CHALCEDON

Canonical and Church Administrative Aspects of the Dispute About the Prerogatives of the Metropolitans of Nicaea and Nicomedia at the Council of Chalcedon

Introduction.On October 30, 451, during the 4th Ecumenical Council in Chalcedon, the dispute between Metropolitan Eunomius of Nicomedia and Metropolitan Anastasius of Nicaea was considered.Eunomius believed that his rights as the metropolitan of the entire province of Bithynia, in regard to ordinations, were violated by Anastasius of Nicaea, who ha

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Morphological changes in female reproductive organs in the African monarch butterfly, host to a male-killing Spiroplasma

Background Sexual selection and conflicts within and between sexes promote morphological diversity of reproductive traits within species.Variation in the morphology of diagnostic reproductive characters within species offer an excellent opportunity to study these evolutionary processes as drivers of species diversification.The African monarch, Dana

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Morphological and Molecular Study of the Fish Parasitic Crustaceans Cymothoa indica and Mothocya collettei (Isopoda: Cymothoidae), with New Distribution Records

Cymothoidae are parasitic isopods that infest fishes inhabiting marine, brackish, and fresh-water environments.The systematics, distribution, and host specificity of cymothoids is often unknown.In this study, morphological observations and molecular analysis using the COI and 16S moustache stick on rRNA genes were conducted on a juvenile individual

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